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Item type: Item , A Japanese plum breeding core collection capturing and exploiting genetic variation(MDPI, 2025) Osorio, María; Ahumada, Sebastián; Infante, Rodrigo; Pacheco, Igor; Fiol, Arnau; Ballesta, PaulinaThe optimal exploitation of genetic variability is essential for the success of breeding programs and for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in genetic association studies. These benefit from populations with a high number of individuals; however, they are expensive since extensive plant maintenance, characterization, and evaluation are required. Core collections offer a practical solution by reducing the number of individuals while representing the original diversity of the population. This study aimed to construct a core collection for Japanese plum to serve as pre-breeding material and enable genetic association studies for traits that are difficult to evaluate. Starting from a population of 1062 individuals genotyped by sequencing, genetic distance and allele coverage metrics were applied to construct several core collections. Genetic parameters and phenotype distribution comparisons allowed for the selection of a core collection of 108 individuals that maximized genetic variability while representative of the original population, confirmed by linkage disequilibrium and population structure analyses. Its usefulness was validated by successfully mapping flowering and maturity dates through marker–trait association. The core collection constructed here will help in the study of fruit quality traits and biotic and abiotic responses, ultimately generating molecular markers to assist the crop’s molecular breeding.Item type: Item , Clarity and emotional regulation as protective factors for adolescent well-being: A moderated mediation model involving depression(MDPI, 2025) Martínez Líbano, Jonathan.; Yeomans Cabrera, María Mercedes.; Koch Serey, Axel.; Iturra Lara, Roberto.; Torrijos Fincias, Patricia.Introduction: Adolescent well-being is influenced by emotional regulation and clarity, particularly in contexts of depression, stress, and anxiety. Objective: This study explores how depression mediates the relationship between emotional regulation and well-being and whether emotional clarity moderates this interaction, providing a comprehensive model to understand adolescent mental health. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 636 Chilean adolescents aged 10–18. Emotional clarity and regulation were assessed using the TMMS-24 scale, depression with the DASS-21 scale, and subjective well-being with the Personal Well-Being Index (PWI). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and moderated mediation models (PROCESS Macro, Models 4 and 7). Results: Emotional regulation positively correlated with subjective well-being (r = 0.373, p < 0.01) and negatively with depression (r = −0.251, p < 0.01). Depression partially mediated the relationship between emotional regulation and well-being (B = 0.149, 95% CI [0.082, 0.225]), with regulation explaining 86.41% of the effect. Emotional clarity moderated the regulation-depression link, with higher clarity amplifying the protective impact of regulation (index = 0.008, 95% CI [0.0017, 0.0149]). Conclusions: Emotional regulation and clarity are vital for adolescent well-being and enhance the protective role of regulation against depression. Interventions targeting both constructs could improve mental health outcomes in vulnerable populations.Item type: Item , Is involvement in food tasks associated with psychosocial health in adolescents? the ehdla study(MDPI, 2025) Castillo Miñaca, Mónica E.; Mendoza Gordillo, María José.; Ruilova, Marysol; Yáñez Sepúlveda, Rodrigo.; Gutiérrez Espinoza, Héctor J.; Olivares Arancibia, Jorge Eduardo.; Andrade, Susana; Ochoa Avilés, Angélica.; Tárraga López, Pedro Juan.; López Gil, José Francisco.Background: While some evidence supports the benefits of food-related tasks, research examining their association with psychosocial health in adolescents remains scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the association between Spanish adolescents’ involvement in food-related household tasks and their psychosocial health. Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the original Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) study. The final sample comprised 273 boys (43.0%) and 361 girls (57.0%). Adolescents self-reported their weekly frequency of involvement in two food-related tasks: meal preparation and grocery shopping, with responses ranging from ‘never’ to ‘seven times’. Psychosocial health was assessed using the 25-item self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), comprising five subscales: emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, and prosocial behavior. A total difficulties score was calculated by summing the first four subscales. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate associations between the frequency of food task involvement (categorized into five levels) and SDQ outcomes. All models were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, body mass index, sleep duration, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and energy intake. Results: Concerning to the frequency of helping to prepare food for dinner, an inverse association was observed between food preparation involvement and several psychosocial problems. Adolescents who helped seven times per week reported significantly lower scores in conduct problems (B = −2.00; 95% CI −3.30 to −0.69; p = 0.003), peer problems (B = −2.83; 95% CI −4.29 to −1.38; p < 0.001), internalizing problems (B = −3.90; 95% CI −7.03 to −0.77; p = 0.015), and total psychosocial difficulties (B = −5.74; 95% CI −10.68 to −0.80; p = 0.023), compared to those who never helped. Conversely, those who helped seven times per week had higher prosocial behavior than their counterparts who never helped (B = 1.69; 95% CI: 0.14 to 3.24; p = 0.033). Regarding the frequency of helping to shop for food, similar patterns were found, with lower conduct problems (B = −2.11; 95% CI −3.42 to −0.81; p = 0.002), peer problems (B = −2.88; 95% CI −4.34 to −1.42; p < 0.001), internalizing problems (B = −4.16; 95% CI −7.28 to −1.04; p = 0.009), and total psychosocial difficulties (B = −6.31; 95% CI −11.24 to −1.39; p = 0.012) associated with more frequent involvement, especially among those who helped five or more times per week. Conversely, adolescents who helped seven times per week had higher prosocial behavior than their peers who never helped (B = 1.56; 95% CI: 0.01 to 3.11; p = 0.049). Conclusions: Although adolescent psychosocial health is influenced by multiple factors, our findings suggest that regular involvement in food-related household tasks may serve as a protective factor against conduct problems, peer problems, internalizing problems, and total difficulties, while also enhancing prosocial behavior. However, given the cross-sectional design, conclusions regarding causality should be made cautiously, and further longitudinal research is needed to confirm these associations and assess their long-term impact. These results highlight the relevance of daily structured routines, such as meal preparation and grocery shopping, as potential support for mental well-being during adolescence.Item type: Item , A systematic literature review on the use of clays for arsenic removal(MDPI, 2025) Reyes Bozo, Lorenzo.; Vyhmeister, Eduardo; Castane, Gabriel G.; Chirinos, Juan; Zárraga, Jeannette; Sandoval Yáñez, Claudia.; Valdés González, Héctor.Arsenic contamination in water remains a critical global challenge, particularly in rural and resource-limited regions. Clays have been widely studied as cost-effective and efficient adsorbents for arsenic removal. This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of the application of clays in arsenic adsorption, focusing on clay types, operational units, and study methodologies. The review classifies the adsorption mechanisms, highlights key factors influencing adsorption performance—such as pH, ionic strength, and surface modifications—and examines the effectiveness of various modifications. Furthermore, the study categorizes adsorption research into kinetic, iso-thermal, thermodynamic, and efficiency studies, providing insights into the state of the art and the experimental conditions that govern arsenic removal. It also discusses the scalability and practical application of clay-based adsorption technologies, emphasizing gaps in field validation, regeneration studies, and large-scale implementation. The findings highlight the potential of natural and modified clays in arsenic remediation, while underscoring the need for further research to optimize adsorption conditions and enhance sustainability in water treatment systems.Item type: Item , Trends and scientific production on isometric training: A bibliometric analysis(MDPI, 2025) Ríos Riquelme, Mario Armando.; Denche Zamorano, Ángel.; Salas Gómez, Diana.; Castillo Paredes, Antonio Jonathan.; Ferrari, Gerson; Marín Guajardo, Cecilia.; Loro Ferrer, Juan Francisco.Isometric training is a method focused on muscle strengthening without joint movement and has gained attention in recent years due to its applicability in rehabilitation and sports medicine. However, no comprehensive bibliometric analysis focused exclusively on adult populations has been performed. This study aimed to analyze the scientific production related to isometric training in adults; identify prominent authors, journals, and thematic trends; and evaluate the evolution of interest in this field over time. A bibliometric review was performed using the Web of Science Core Collection (SCI-E, SSCI, and ESCI). A specific search strategy was applied to identify articles and reviews focused on isometric training in adult populations. A total of 238 records met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using Excel 2016 and VOSviewer software1.6.20. Bibliometric indicators such as Price’s Law, Bradford’s Law, Lotka’s Law, h-index, and co-occurrence and co-authorship network analysis were applied. The results showed a steady increase in publications in the last decade, highlighting the categories of Sports Science, Physiology, and Cardiovascular. The Journal of Applied Physiology was the most frequent source, and Springer Nature was the most prolific publisher. The h-index identified 21 highly cited papers, and Lotka’s Law confirmed the existence of a small group of prolific authors. VOSviewer analysis revealed clear thematic clusters, mainly around blood pressure regulation, rehabilitation, and aging. International collaboration was evident, with the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom leading the co-authorship networks. Scientific interest in isometric training for adult populations is growing, particularly in relation to cardiovascular health and rehabilitation. Despite this, gaps remain in terms of methodological consistency and standardized protocols. Addressing these issues could improve the applicability and scientific impact of this training modality.